Der langfristige Erhalt der Transplantatfunktion bleibt eine Herausforderung – trotz
der entscheidend verbesserten frühen Transplantatfunktion, insbesondere durch die
reduzierte Rate akuter Rejektionen innerhalb des 1. Jahres nach einer Nierentransplantation.
Die Calcineurininhibitortoxizität ist eine Ursache der chronischen Transplantatdysfunktion.
Neu entwickelte immunsuppressive Substanzen und Konzepte mit der Vermeidung oder Reduktion
der Calcineurininhibitoren scheinen wesentliche Elemente für den Erhalt einer langfristigen
Organfunktion zu sein. Die beiden neuen immunsuppressiven Substanzklassen der Proliferationshemmer
sind in dieser Hinsicht vielversprechende Optionen. Die Ergebnisse großer multizentrischer,
prospektiver und randomisierter Studien belegen die gute Effektivität dieser Substanzen
hinsichtlich der Prophylaxe einer akuten Rejektion. Allerdings weisen sowohl Mykophenolsäure
als auch mTOR-Inhibitoren typische Nebenwirkungen auf. Entsprechend sind Kontraindikationen
beim Einsatz dieser Substanzen zu beachten. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick
über die derzeit in Deutschland als Immunsuppressivum nach einer Nierentransplantation
zugelassenen Mykophenolsäureformulierungen Mykophenolatmofetil und Mykophenolatnatrium
sowie die mTOR-Inhibitoren Sirolimus und Everolimus.
Despite improvements of early renal allograft function mainly due to the reduction
of acute rejection rates within the first year after a transplantation, optimal longterm
allograft survival remains a problem. New immunosuppressive drugs and regimens have
been developed with lower toxicity to improve longterm renal allograft function. With
respect to longterm renal allograft function, mycophenolic acid and mTOR inhibitors
are promising drugs. Several multicenter, prospective and randomized clinical studies
have shown excellent efficacy of both proliferation inhibitors. However, specific
adverse events are common with the use of mycophenolate acid and mTOR inhibitors.
This article gives a short overview on both mycophenolic acid formulations, mycophenolate
mofetil and mycophenolate sodium, as well as on the mTOR inhibitors sirolimus and
everolimus.
Key words
renal transplantation - immunosuppression - mycophenolic acid - mTOR inhibitors
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- 16 CTS-Register K-14001-0209. Im Internet: http://www.ctstransplant.org Stand 25 03: 2010
1 Efficacy Limiting Toxicity Elimination
2 Sirolimus Renal Conversion Trial
Korrespondenz
PD Dr. Claudia Sommerer
Sektion Nephrologie Medizinische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg
Im Neuenheimer Feld 162
69120 Heidelberg
Email: claudia.sommerer@med.uni-heidelberg.de